Pure Nickel Electrodes (AWS Class ENi-CI )

• Technical identity: Composed of approximately 99% pure nickel.

• Functional explanation: Provides maximum ductility, prevents carbon absorption from the base metal, and keeps the weld deposit soft enough to be easily machined or drilled afterward. Best used for thin sections, single-pass welds, or precision repairs where a smooth finish is required

Nickel-Iron Electrodes (AWS Class ENiFe-CI)

• Technical identity: Composed of roughly 55% nickel and 45% iron.

• Functional explanation: Offers higher tensile strength and lower thermal expansion, making it less prone to cracking on thick or heavy-duty castings. It is also the preferred choice when joining cast iron to steel.

Iron-Based / Cast Iron Core Electrodes

• Technical identity: Ferrous-based rods containing cast iron components.

• Functional explanation: Used when a close color match to the surrounding cast iron is needed and post-weld machining is not required. They are harder and more brittle than nickel-based options

Non-Ferrous / Bronze Electrodes (Silicon Bronze or Aluminum Bronze)

• Technical identity: Copper-alloy filler metals used via TIG or gas brazing rather than standard stick arc welding.

• Functional explanation: Flows well at lower heat inputs, reducing thermal shock and residual stress on clean, high-quality castings.